Results

Enzymes as catalysts for reactions in biological systems; discussion of substrates, active sites, induced fit, and activation energy.

From the extinction of the dinosaurs to humanity.

The beauty of a coral reef, the warm radiance of sunshine, the sting of sunburn, the X-ray revealing a broken bone, even microwave popcorn—all are brought to us by electromagnetic waves. The list of the various types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio transmission waves to nuclear gamma-ray (γ-ray) emissions, is interesting in itself.

Even more intriguing is that all of these different phenomena are manifestations of the same thing—electromagnetic waves (see Figure 15.1). What are electromagnetic waves? How are they created, and how do they travel? How can we understand their widely varying properties? What is the relationship between electric and magnetic effects? These and other questions will be explored.

An image that illustrates light reflecting off a plain mirror.

Molecular structure of DNA. Nucleotide. Nitrogenous base, phosphate.

Outcomes:

• Determine which mutations are favored by the selection agents of predators and food variety and which mutations are neutral.
• Describe which traits change the survivability of an organism in different environments.
• Experiment with environments which produce a stable population of bunnies, a population that dies out, and a population that takes over the world.
• Track genes through multiple generations.
• Compare how dominant and recessive genes get passed onto offspring.

How homologous chromosomes separate into two sets. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.

Meiosis is a process that creates sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis has two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (crossing over). In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, creating four haploid cells.

Photoelectric materials emit electrons when they absorb light of a high-enough frequency.

Outcomes

By the end of this course you will:

• Be able to define the 'reflection of light'
• Understand the difference between reflected and incident rays
• Be familiar with the two types of reflection viz.: regular and irregular reflection
• Have an understanding of the laws of reflection