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Instantaneous speed is a measurement of how fast an object is moving at that particular moment. Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity that includes both the speed and the direction in which the object is moving. Learn how to find an object’s instantaneous speed or velocity in three ways - by using calculus, by looking at the slope of a given point on a graph of an object’s rate vs. time, or by using kinematic formulas if the object’s acceleration is constant. 

Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Energy can be found in many things and can take different forms. For example, kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is energy due to an object's position or structure. Energy is never lost, but it can be converted from one form to another.

Basics of gravity and the Law of Universal Gravitation.

Light and the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Wave and particle-like behaviour, and how to calculate the wavelength or frequency of a light wave.

A discussion on how energy can't be created or destroyed in an isolated system, and works an example of how energy is transformed when a ball falls toward the Earth.

This online resource explores the following topics:

• Latitude and parallels
• Longitude and meridians
• Climate and latitude
• Time zones

An explanation of how LOL diagrams allow us to visually represent what we mean by conservation of energy as well as what we mean by an energy system.

Introduction to magnetism: Wikipedia article that provides an overview of the concept.

In this lesson you will learn about:

• The concept of magnetism
• Be able to identify magnetic and non-magnetic materials
• Identify properties and types of magnets
• Understand that metals can be magnetised and de-magnetised
• Understand that magnets have a magnetic field
• Understand that the Earth has a magnetic field

The force that acts across the air gaps between magnets is the same force that creates wonders such as the Aurora Borealis. In fact, magnetic effects pervade our lives in myriad ways, from electric motors to medical imaging and computer memory. In this chapter, we introduce magnets and learn how they work and how magnetic fields and electric currents interact.