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The amount of effort saved when using machines is called mechanical advantage (MA). Simple machines use mechanical advantage as a key property to their functionality, helping humans perform tasks that would require more force than a person could produce. We will use the lever as an example of a simple machine to illustrate the concept of mechanical advantage.

Video 1: Construction of a circle when its radius is known
Video 2: Examples of how to construct a circle
Video 3: Common mistakes made when constructing a circle

Video 1: How to construct a line segment
Video 2: Examples of constructing different line segments
Video 3: Common mistakes made when constructing a line segment

Video 1: What are perpendiculars and perpendicular bisectors and how to construct them
Video 2: How to draw a perpendicular and perpendicular bisector using a ruler and a compass
Video 3: Examples related to the construction of perpendiculars and perpendicular bisectors on a line segment
Video 4: Common mistakes made when constructing perpendiculars and perpendicular bisectors

• Identify when forces are balanced vs unbalanced.
• Determine the sum of forces (net force) on an object with more than one force on it.
• Predict the motion of an object with zero net force.
• Predict the direction of motion given a combination of forces.

Video 1: How to construct a copy of an angle
Video 2:
Video 3: Common mistakes made when constructing an angle as a copy of another

Video 1: How to construct angles of a given measurement using paper and a protractor 
Video 2: How to construct angles of a given measurement using a compass
Video 3: Examples of constructing angles of specific measurements
Video 4: Common mistakes made when constructing angles of specific measurements

Determining how fast something will be traveling upon impact when it is released from a given height. 

In this unit we will learn how these factors can affect the output of a simple machine. We will also learn about the difference between ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) and actual mechanical advantage (AMA), and how to apply your knowledge to calculate the efficiency of various simple machines.

In this chapter, we’ll use vectors to expand our understanding of forces and motion into two dimensions. Most real-world physics problems (such as with the game of pool pictured here) are, after all, either two- or three-dimensional problems and physics is most useful when applied to real physical scenarios. We start by learning the practical skills of graphically adding and subtracting vectors (by using drawings) and analytically (with math). Once we’re able to work with two-dimensional vectors, we apply these skills to problems of projectile motion, inclined planes, and harmonic motion.