Resultaten

Mitosis is how cells divide! Learn what happens in all the phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Molecular structure of DNA. Nucleotide. Nitrogenous base, phosphate.

Outcomes:

• Determine which mutations are favored by the selection agents of predators and food variety and which mutations are neutral.
• Describe which traits change the survivability of an organism in different environments.
• Experiment with environments which produce a stable population of bunnies, a population that dies out, and a population that takes over the world.
• Track genes through multiple generations.
• Compare how dominant and recessive genes get passed onto offspring.

Overview of animal and plant cells. Topics include cell walls, vacuoles, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, etc.

How homologous chromosomes separate into two sets. Prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I.

Meiosis is a process that creates sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Meiosis has two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material (crossing over). In meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, creating four haploid cells.

Outcomes:

• Determine if a liquid is acidic, basic, or neutral
• Place acids or bases in relative order
• Describe on a molecular scale, with illustrations, how the water equilibrium varies with pH
• Determine concentration of hydroxide, hydronium and water at a given pH
• Relate liquid color to pH
• Predict (qualitatively and quantitatively) how dilution and volume will affect the pH and concentration of hydroxide, hydronium and water

Even though molecules, proteins, viruses, and cells are all tiny, there are significant size differences between them. The diameter of a water molecule is roughly 0.28 nanometers. The diameter of the protein hemoglobin is roughly 5 nanometers. The diameter of the HIV virus is roughly 120 nanometers. A red blood cell is 6-8 micrometers.

Skeletons support and protect our bodies. Bugs have exoskeletons outside their bodies, while humans have endoskeletons inside. Our bones are in axial (skull, ribcage, spine) and appendicular (arms, legs) groups. Bone marrow makes blood cells; more specifically, red marrow makes blood and yellow marrow stores fat. 

Electric charge comes in two varieties, which we call positive and negative. Like charges repel each other, and unlike charges attract each other. Thus, two positive charges repel each other, as do two negative charges. A positive charge and a negative charge attract each other.

How do we know there are two types of electric charge? When various materials are rubbed together in controlled ways, certain combinations of materials always result in a net charge of one type on one material and a net charge of the opposite type on the other material. By convention, we call one type of charge positive and the other type negative.